The American black man is the most immitated man in the world

Originally Posted by abeautifulhaze

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by Ruxxx

laugh.gif
Beat me to it Haze.
No disrespect OP,but that list is limited to trivial stuff man.Your title isn't a "reach" at all,but that list means nothing in the grand scheme of things (that's why it's being picked apart).What Haze posted (Achitecture) and a ton of other things
(Sciences,Mathematics and overall Civilization) would've been a lot more meaningful to the claim (which really isn't a "claim" at all).

Umm, I might be stupid, but what science and mathematics did we take from "blacks"? This is an honest question.

Thales had visited Egypt and recommended that Pythagoras go to Egypt. Pythagoras arrived in Egypt around 547 BC when he was 23 years old. He stayed in Egypt for 21 years learning a variety of things including geometry from Egyptian priests . [color= rgb(255, 0, 0)]It was probably in Egypt where he learned the theorem that is now called by his name.[/color]


How are you obtain a PhD without knowing that ?
alien.gif
smh.gif
Wow, your going to question my PhD in the field of biomedical sciences because I didn't know a history fact? Get The eff Out!!! Just lookin for a fight.

Sorry, I don't stay up on my wiki history facts.

When you "DROP KNOWLEDGE" that can't be found on Wikipedia that YOU have synthesized during your PhD work, then come at me, otherwise Shut the eff UP!
 
Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by abeautifulhaze

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by Ruxxx
Thales had visited Egypt and recommended that Pythagoras go to Egypt. Pythagoras arrived in Egypt around 547 BC when he was 23 years old. He stayed in Egypt for 21 years learning a variety of things including geometry from Egyptian priests . [color= rgb(255, 0, 0)]It was probably in Egypt where he learned the theorem that is now called by his name.[/color]


How are you obtain a PhD without knowing that ?
alien.gif
smh.gif
Wow, your going to question my PhD in the field of biomedical sciences because I didn't know a history fact? Get The eff Out!!! Just lookin for a fight.

Sorry, I don't stay up on my wiki history facts.

When you "DROP KNOWLEDGE" that can't be found on Wikipedia that YOU have synthesized during your PhD work, then come at me, otherwise Shut the eff UP!
roll.gif
[color= rgb(255, 0, 0)] U mad because he put you up on game? Son just %!+#+!* on your PhD [/color]
laugh.gif
laugh.gif
smh.gif
 
wait....so is this a black verses every other race thread? i'm confused.
indifferent.gif
.
 
Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Wow, your going to question my PhD in the field of biomedical sciences because I didn't know a history fact? Get The eff Out!!! Just lookin for a fight.

Sorry, I don't stay up on my wiki history facts.

When you "DROP KNOWLEDGE" that can't be found on Wikipedia that YOU have synthesized during your PhD work, then come at me, otherwise Shut the eff UP!
You sound furious my friend.

You "honestly" asked a question and I honestly answered.

Now look at you...but im the one trying to start a fight.

All of that anger is not good for you fam
laugh.gif
 
Originally Posted by AntonLaVey

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by Ruxxx

laugh.gif
Beat me to it Haze.
No disrespect OP,but that list is limited to trivial stuff man.Your title isn't a "reach" at all,but that list means nothing in the grand scheme of things (that's why it's being picked apart).What Haze posted (Achitecture) and a ton of other things
(Sciences,Mathematics and overall Civilization) would've been a lot more meaningful to the claim (which really isn't a "claim" at all).

Umm, I might be stupid, but what science and mathematics did we take from "blacks"? This is an honest question.

Um....I don't know who "WE" is but here are some scientific contributions by "black people"

[h2]Famous Scientist Dr. Emeagwali Hails from Igbo Land[/h2][table][tr][td]
[/td][/tr][/table]

[size=+1]In[/size] this day and age when Japanese, Chinese or anyone remotely resembling Asian descent is automatically presumed to hold superior mathematical and technological aptitude, Dr. Emeagwali poses a refreshing reminder (1) to the world that intellectual gifts come in all races, creeds and colors; and (2) to Igbos that when we strive for excellence, there is no limit to what we can achieve ... so strive for excellence!
African_June_1996.jpg

[size=-1]Dr. Philip Emeagwali
World Renowned Computer Scientist. [size=-2]
[/size]
[/size]
[size=-1][/size]
So who is Philip Emeagwali, and what has he done that has made him so famous? Emeagwali first entered the international limelight in 1989 when hereceived the prestigious Gordon Bell Prize for performing the world's fastest calculationat 3.1 billion calculations per second. This calculation was remarkable notonly because it was twice as fast as the previous world record, but also becauseof the method used to achieve this phenomenal task. Rather than use a multimillion dollarsupercomputer, Emeagwali used the Internet to access 65,536 small computers simultaneously (called massively parallel computers).


[size=-1]Connection Machine programmed by Emeagwali to perform3.1 billion calculations per second.[/size]


Unity is indeed strength as demonstrated by Emeagwali's approach. This technology is revolutionizing the oil industry as it is used to help simulate how to recover oil from oilfields, thus helping oil producing nations to efficiently extract more oil and increase their oil revenues. It is also applicable to the field of meteorology as it can be used to help predict weather patterns for the next 100 years forecast.

Since this invention, Emeagwali has made numerous other achievements and received dozens of honors and awards across the globe in the field of mathematics, science and computers.

Isn't it just like an Igbo, to use existing resources and push them to their fullest potential to achieve unsurpassed results that would revolutionize several major industries at once. Remember Emmanuel Egbujo, inventor of the solar powered car or Damien Anyanwu who invented Radio Mbaise from Igbo traditional methods? Remember during the Nigeria Biafra War whenEmeagwali was a mere refugee, his kinsfolk developed the "Ogbunigwe" bomb (popularly called the Ojukwu bucket) which dazzled the world of super powers. They alsodeveloped a self-sufficient petroleum refining method which Nigeria is yet to discover.

Ndi Igbo lay claim to Emeagwali's achievements not to subtract from their magnanimity, but to remind our Igbo brothers and sisters that we have a tradition of competitiveness and excellence. However, like many of Nigeria's untapped resources this type of genius lies grossly underdeveloped in millions of Nigerian children and even in ourselves.

Some of Emeagwali's inventions are so complex, that only the most sophisticatedcomputer scientist and mathematicians can understand them. However, the creationof Emeagwali himself is a simple story. Emeagwali was born to Onitsha parents, his fatherbeing a nurse and mother a housewife. As a child, his father focused on the development of his son's mathematical skills and required him on a daily basis to solve 100 math problems inone hour. This method helped to develop Emeagwali into a mathematical wizard as hisabilities soon surpassed his father's. Although showing great promise, Emeagwali's education threatened to derail when he was forced to drop out of school at the age 14 because his father was unable to pay his school fees. However, Emeagwali continued to study and eventually received a scholarship to Oregon State University in the USA where he earned a B.S. Subsequently, he earned a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan, two Masters Degrees from George Washington University and a third Masters Degree from theUniversity of Maryland. Isn't it just like an Igbo to overcome such odds onlyto excel and excel and excel?

And to top it all off, Emeagwali is married to an accomplished scientist in her own right.Dr. Dale Brown Emeagwali, renowned microbiologist was named 1996 Scientist of the Year by the NationalTechnical Association. The Emeagwali's have one child.

Dr. Philip Emeagwali is truly an international treasure, and IGBO BASICS looks forwardto his appearance at the World Igbo Congress Conference in New York. In the meantime, we can all learn more about Dr. Emeagwali on the Internet at http://emeagwali.com.

Cool, didn't know that. But, I was actually wondering what advanced mathematics and science has originated from Africa, like back in the day stuff which we have derived greater information from. And, yes I do know that Egyptians have the earliest dated written numerals.
 
Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by abeautifulhaze

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by Ruxxx

laugh.gif
Beat me to it Haze.
No disrespect OP,but that list is limited to trivial stuff man.Your title isn't a "reach" at all,but that list means nothing in the grand scheme of things (that's why it's being picked apart).What Haze posted (Achitecture) and a ton of other things
(Sciences,Mathematics and overall Civilization) would've been a lot more meaningful to the claim (which really isn't a "claim" at all).

Umm, I might be stupid, but what science and mathematics did we take from "blacks"? This is an honest question.

Thales had visited Egypt and recommended that Pythagoras go to Egypt. Pythagoras arrived in Egypt around 547 BC when he was 23 years old. He stayed in Egypt for 21 years learning a variety of things including geometry from Egyptian priests . [color= rgb(255, 0, 0)]It was probably in Egypt where he learned the theorem that is now called by his name.[/color]


How are you obtain a PhD without knowing that ?
alien.gif
smh.gif
Wow, your going to question my PhD in the field of biomedical sciences because I didn't know a history fact? Get The eff Out!!! Just lookin for a fight.

Sorry, I don't stay up on my wiki history facts.

When you "DROP KNOWLEDGE" that can't be found on Wikipedia that YOU have synthesized during your PhD work, then come at me, otherwise Shut the eff UP!

laugh.gif
laugh.gif
laugh.gif
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When I read him call you out on your PhD I got confused. He doesn't even know what your PhD is in.



You know what's ironic about this whole Egypt thing......African slaves were not taking from Egypt, they were mostly taken from West Africa. Haze would you care to share some contributions made by non-Egyptian Africans.
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Originally Posted by Frische Produkte

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by abeautifulhaze

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by Ruxxx
Thales had visited Egypt and recommended that Pythagoras go to Egypt. Pythagoras arrived in Egypt around 547 BC when he was 23 years old. He stayed in Egypt for 21 years learning a variety of things including geometry from Egyptian priests . [color= rgb(255, 0, 0)]It was probably in Egypt where he learned the theorem that is now called by his name.[/color]


How are you obtain a PhD without knowing that ?
alien.gif
smh.gif
Wow, your going to question my PhD in the field of biomedical sciences because I didn't know a history fact? Get The eff Out!!! Just lookin for a fight.

Sorry, I don't stay up on my wiki history facts.

When you "DROP KNOWLEDGE" that can't be found on Wikipedia that YOU have synthesized during your PhD work, then come at me, otherwise Shut the eff UP!
roll.gif
[color= rgb(255, 0, 0)] U mad because he put you up on game? Son just %!+#+!* on your PhD [/color]
laugh.gif
laugh.gif
smh.gif
I'm mad cause he was rude to me when I was asking a legitimate question about history. It was unnessacary. I can list a bunch of information which he wouldn't know about and call him stupid for not knowing. But, why would I? This is why I got upset LOL cause he did that to me.
 
Originally Posted by Frische Produkte

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by abeautifulhaze

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by Ruxxx
Thales
had visited Egypt and recommended that Pythagoras go to Egypt.
Pythagoras arrived
in Egypt around 547 BC when he was 23 years old. He stayed in Egypt for
21 years
learning a variety of things including geometry from Egyptian priests .
[color= rgb(255, 0, 0)]It was
probably in Egypt where he learned the theorem that is now called by his
name.[/color]



How are you obtain a PhD without knowing that ?
alien.gif
smh.gif
Wow, your going to question my PhD in the field of biomedical sciences because I didn't know a history fact? Get The eff Out!!! Just lookin for a fight.

Sorry, I don't stay up on my wiki history facts.

When you "DROP KNOWLEDGE" that can't be found on Wikipedia that YOU have synthesized during your PhD work, then come at me, otherwise Shut the eff UP!
roll.gif
[color= rgb(255, 0, 0)] U mad because he put you up on game? Son just *#**#%* on your PhD [/color]
laugh.gif
laugh.gif
smh.gif


Because a PhD is a Doctorate in Everything....
 
Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by Frische Produkte

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by abeautifulhaze

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by Ruxxx
Thales had visited Egypt and recommended that Pythagoras go to Egypt. Pythagoras arrived in Egypt around 547 BC when he was 23 years old. He stayed in Egypt for 21 years learning a variety of things including geometry from Egyptian priests . [color= rgb(255, 0, 0)]It was probably in Egypt where he learned the theorem that is now called by his name.[/color]


How are you obtain a PhD without knowing that ?
alien.gif
smh.gif
Wow, your going to question my PhD in the field of biomedical sciences because I didn't know a history fact? Get The eff Out!!! Just lookin for a fight.

Sorry, I don't stay up on my wiki history facts.

When you "DROP KNOWLEDGE" that can't be found on Wikipedia that YOU have synthesized during your PhD work, then come at me, otherwise Shut the eff UP!
roll.gif
[color= rgb(255, 0, 0)] U mad because he put you up on game? Son just %!+#+!* on your PhD [/color]
laugh.gif
laugh.gif
smh.gif
I'm mad cause he was rude to me when I was asking a legitimate question about history. It was unnessacary. I can list a bunch of information which he wouldn't know about and call him stupid for not knowing. But, why would I? This is why I got upset LOL cause he did that to me.
Who called you stupid?

I asked you a legitimate question.

I learned that in elementary school and it was the at the core of my pre-requisite college courses. 
 
Originally Posted by abeautifulhaze

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Wow, your going to question my PhD in the field of biomedical sciences because I didn't know a history fact? Get The eff Out!!! Just lookin for a fight.

Sorry, I don't stay up on my wiki history facts.

When you "DROP KNOWLEDGE" that can't be found on Wikipedia that YOU have synthesized during your PhD work, then come at me, otherwise Shut the eff UP!
You sound furious my friend.

You "honestly" asked a question and I honestly answered.

Now look at you...but im the one trying to start a fight.

All of that anger is not good for you fam
laugh.gif
I kinda am LOL. I mean I have worked very hard and have been through many struggles to get where I am and you try to belittle me and my accomplishments. You didn't just "honestly" answer. You tried to call me out, and act like I was dumb and shouldn't be getting a PhD.

But, ya I gets upset LOL. Gotta tell myself to breathe deep and count to ten I guess LOL.
 
Originally Posted by AntonLaVey

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by Ruxxx

laugh.gif
Beat me to it Haze.
No disrespect OP,but that list is limited to trivial stuff man.Your title isn't a "reach" at all,but that list means nothing in the grand scheme of things (that's why it's being picked apart).What Haze posted (Achitecture) and a ton of other things
(Sciences,Mathematics and overall Civilization) would've been a lot more meaningful to the claim (which really isn't a "claim" at all).

Umm, I might be stupid, but what science and mathematics did we take from "blacks"? This is an honest question.

google is your friend.......Black Americans have made various contributions to science (First heart transplant, I believe the traffic light, pioneering surgeries (see Ben Carson))

Black Americans aren't all about jive-talkin' and entertainment........but black American contribution to music is appreciated.
pimp.gif
LOL I know I meant earlier contributions by individuals from Africa. Read my other post where I replied to you about the supercomputer.
 
Anton, you really need to educate yourself on some African history my dude.

No shots. Im being sincere. I think it would help you to see yourself and the world in a different way.

You Igbo?
 
Originally Posted by abeautifulhaze

Ok Anton...

The Mangbetu....

eepa_02984.jpg


elongatedheada.jpg


ElongatedHeadOfAmarnaPrincess.jpg
 
amarna-princess-head-225.jpg


wink.gif

OK...........There's a lot going on in this post so I'm a go ahead and wikipedia Mangbetu. You suck at posting dude
smh.gif
at least give me an explanation.





The Mangbetu are known for their highly developed art and music. One instrument associated with and named after them is the Mangbetu harp or guitar. See [3] and. [4] for images. One harp has sold for over $100,000.[5]

Musicologists have also sought out the Mangbetu to make video and audio recordings of their music.[6]

The Mangbetu stood out to European explorers because of their elongated heads. Traditionally, babies' heads were wrapped tightly with cloth in order to give them this distinctive appearance. The practice began dying out in the 1950s with the arrival of more Europeans and westernization. Because of this distinctive look, it is easy to recognize Mangbetu figures in African art.
[h2][edit] [/h2]


The Mangbetu probably originated from what is now the northeastern corner on the Democratic Republic of Congo and southern Sudan. By the early 18th century they consisted of a number of small clans who, from southward migrations, had come in contact with a number of northward-migrating Bantu-speaking tribes among whom they lived interspersed. In the late 18th century a group of Mangbetu-speaking elites, mainly from the Mabiti clan, assumed control over other Mangbetu clans and many neighboring Bantu-speaking tribes. It is likely that their knowledge of iron and copper forgery, by which they made weapons and fine ornaments, gave them a military and economic advantage over their neighbors. [7].
[h3][edit] The question of cannibalism[/h3]
Many recent studies feature the Mangbetu as a historically cannibalistic people. According to Mangbetu men interviewed in the documentary Spirits of Defiance: The Mangbetu People of Zaire it appears that many Mangbetu currently believe their ancestors to have practiced cannibalism. [8] David Lewis asserts that a "wave of flesh-eating that spread from inveterate cannibals like Bakusa to Batetela, the Mangbetu, and much of the Zande" resulted from ongoing political disorder caused by Swahili raids in the 1880s. However, Keim contends that many of the accounts of cannibalism are not based on "careful fieldwork in Africa but on nineteenth-century European accounts that were deeply prejudiced by Dark Continent myths."
[h2][edit] [/h2]

Interesting............I took a Royal Arts of Africa class, pre-colonial Africa was a fascinating place.
 
Originally Posted by abeautifulhaze

Anton, you really need to educate yourself on some African history my dude.

No shots. Im being sincere. I think it would help you to see yourself and the world in a different way.

You Igbo?

Yessir
pimp.gif
KWENU.

You do realize there's more to African history than Egypt....I know A LOT more African history than you think. Non-western history (Asian, African, Native American) has always fascinated me.  None of this has any bearing on how I view the world....or at least I don't see the world from whatever perspective it is you want me to.
 
Originally Posted by abeautifulhaze

No disrespect intended bro.
It's cool.
Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by Frische Produkte

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by abeautifulhaze

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by Ruxxx
Thales had visited Egypt and recommended that Pythagoras go to Egypt. Pythagoras arrived in Egypt around 547 BC when he was 23 years old. He stayed in Egypt for 21 years learning a variety of things including geometry from Egyptian priests . [color= rgb(255, 0, 0)]It was probably in Egypt where he learned the theorem that is now called by his name.[/color]


How are you obtain a PhD without knowing that ?
alien.gif
smh.gif
Wow, your going to question my PhD in the field of biomedical sciences because I didn't know a history fact? Get The eff Out!!! Just lookin for a fight.

Sorry, I don't stay up on my wiki history facts.

When you "DROP KNOWLEDGE" that can't be found on Wikipedia that YOU have synthesized during your PhD work, then come at me, otherwise Shut the eff UP!
roll.gif
[color= rgb(255, 0, 0)] U mad because he put you up on game? Son just %!+#+!* on your PhD [/color]
laugh.gif
laugh.gif
smh.gif
I'm mad cause he was rude to me when I was asking a legitimate question about history. It was unnessacary. I can list a bunch of information which he wouldn't know about and call him stupid for not knowing. But, why would I? This is why I got upset LOL cause he did that to me.
Who called you stupid?

I asked you a legitimate question.

I learned that in elementary school and it was the at the core of my pre-requisite college courses

I guess you didn't, but still don't question my PhD
happy.gif
its rude.

I am obtaining a PhD in biomedical science with a concentration in comparative pathology and specifically cancer stem cell biology. I have not taken a history course since earlier undergrad, and my last mathematics course was integral calculus and that was during undergrad too. So Why would I have been exposed to that information?

Might have learned that from before, but all of my undergrad and graduate courses did not talk about the history of mathematics.  Well at least not the history of the Pythagorean theorem.
 
If its too much work for someone to open up a tab with Google and copy and paste a word...why should I waste my time so that people can throw around insults and "
laugh.gif
"s.

Igbo pyramids in Nigeria.

arunsi11.JPG


Igbo_Pyramid.jpg


Step "pyramid" in "Egypt"

step_pyramid.jpg



Who are we really?

Know thyself.

SlaveBoys.jpg


amenhotep-iii.png
 
people wonder why racism is still around its because of thinking like this. why wouldn't you just give credit to a man that does a good job. By you posting this topic it just creates more racism. No matter what race there is someone that dominates whatever they do. Look at all the hate that comes from this post. When we as a society can get away from stereotypes and focus on what a man does you will be surprised as to how far we will go.

TheNTGuy
 
Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by abeautifulhaze

No disrespect intended bro.
It's cool.
Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by Frische Produkte

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by abeautifulhaze

Originally Posted by PleasurePhD

Originally Posted by Ruxxx
Who called you stupid?

I asked you a legitimate question.

I learned that in elementary school and it was the at the core of my pre-requisite college courses

I guess you didn't, but still don't question my PhD
happy.gif
its rude.

I am obtaining a PhD in biomedical science with a concentration in comparative pathology and specifically cancer stem cell biology
. I have not taken a history course since earlier undergrad, and my last mathematics course was integral calculus and that was during undergrad too. So Why would I have been exposed to that information?

Might have learned that from before, but all of my undergrad and graduate courses did not talk about the history of mathematics.  Well at least not the history or the Pythagorean theorem.
What med school? I'm going to eat, live, and breathe pathology next year
tired.gif
sick.gif
 
Originally Posted by abeautifulhaze

If its too much work for someone to open up a tab with Google and copy and paste a word...why should I waste my time so that people can throw around insults and "
laugh.gif
"s.

Igbo pyramids in Nigeria.

arunsi11.JPG


Igbo_Pyramid.jpg


Step "pyramid" in "Egypt"

step_pyramid.jpg



Who are we really?

Know thyself.

SlaveBoys.jpg


amenhotep-iii.png
WHAT DOES THIS HAVE TO DO WITH ANYTHING DUDE?
laugh.gif
THERE ARE PYRAMIDS EVERYWHERE
roll.gif



15460d1204664562-discover-guatemalas-mayan-pyramids-line-video-stills-mayatikalgrandjaguarbuilttohonorkingchocolate.jpg
MAYAN PYRAMID




And did you just call me a slave
laugh.gif
?
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Interesting excerpt from SI:






WE ARE ALL black. Not in the sense that our skin is of a shade that protects against equatorial sunlight, but in the sense that Africa is contained in our every cell.
It starts with our brown-eyed, many-times-great-grandmother, the woman scientists call Mitochondrial Eve. Mitochondrial DNA is a genetic material that is inherited from one's mother, and as it happens, every one of us shares some of it with Mitochondrial Eve, a woman who lived in sub-Saharan Africa around 150,000 years ago, when the entire human population consisted of a few tens of thousands.

Since the mid-1990s scientists have been following the path of mankind's genes away from Mitochondrial Eve by collecting genetic data throughout Africa and beyond. Geneticists Kenneth Kidd of Yale and Sarah Tishkoff of Penn have been among the leaders in this endeavor. Some of their work supports the "recent African origin" model, which suggests that all modern humans can trace their ancestry to a single population in east-central Africa as recently as 100,000 years ago. Since humans branched off from our common ancestor with chimps about six million years ago, that means we're about a one-minute drill out of Africa.

What Kidd, Tishkoff and others have found is that genetic variability—differences in DNA among people—is greater among Africans within a single population than among people from different continents outside Africa. This is because all human genetic information was contained in Africa not so terribly long ago, and our ancestors who left Africa—most likely a single group of no more than a few hundred people—took only a small portion of it with them en route to populating the world. All of us outside Africa are genetic subsets of the subset that left Africa. So despite the fact that black Africans may share certain obvious features, such as dark skin, when it comes to an African's entire genome, there might be more difference between him and his next-door neighbor than between Dirk Nowitzki and Ichiro Suzuki. In fact, the farther a group of native people is from Africa, the less genetically diverse it tends to be. In some sections of DNA, Kidd says, there is more variation within a single African Pygmy population than in the entire rest of the world combined. "In that sense," Kidd says, "I like to say that all Europeans look alike."
This has tremendous implications. In some cases, for example, classifying people solely according to their dark skin will impart no genetically based knowledge about the group's members other than that they have dark skin.
 
Originally Posted by atlballa15


Interesting excerpt from SI:






WE ARE ALL black. Not in the sense that our skin is of a shade that protects against equatorial sunlight, but in the sense that Africa is contained in our every cell.
It starts with our brown-eyed, many-times-great-grandmother, the woman scientists call Mitochondrial Eve. Mitochondrial DNA is a genetic material that is inherited from one's mother, and as it happens, every one of us shares some of it with Mitochondrial Eve, a woman who lived in sub-Saharan Africa around 150,000 years ago, when the entire human population consisted of a few tens of thousands.

Since the mid-1990s scientists have been following the path of mankind's genes away from Mitochondrial Eve by collecting genetic data throughout Africa and beyond. Geneticists Kenneth Kidd of Yale and Sarah Tishkoff of Penn have been among the leaders in this endeavor. Some of their work supports the "recent African origin" model, which suggests that all modern humans can trace their ancestry to a single population in east-central Africa as recently as 100,000 years ago. Since humans branched off from our common ancestor with chimps about six million years ago, that means we're about a one-minute drill out of Africa.

What Kidd, Tishkoff and others have found is that genetic variability—differences in DNA among people—is greater among Africans within a single population than among people from different continents outside Africa. This is because all human genetic information was contained in Africa not so terribly long ago, and our ancestors who left Africa—most likely a single group of no more than a few hundred people—took only a small portion of it with them en route to populating the world. All of us outside Africa are genetic subsets of the subset that left Africa. So despite the fact that black Africans may share certain obvious features, such as dark skin, when it comes to an African's entire genome, there might be more difference between him and his next-door neighbor than between Dirk Nowitzki and Ichiro Suzuki. In fact, the farther a group of native people is from Africa, the less genetically diverse it tends to be. In some sections of DNA, Kidd says, there is more variation within a single African Pygmy population than in the entire rest of the world combined. "In that sense," Kidd says, "I like to say that all Europeans look alike."
This has tremendous implications. In some cases, for example, classifying people solely according to their dark skin will impart no genetically based knowledge about the group's members other than that they have dark skin.



CLIFFNOTES-THE CLASSICALLY DEFINED "RACES" OF HUMAN-BEINGS DOESN'T EXIST
ohwell.gif
 
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