Official space thread vol.....Astronaut status

I wanna know that since we can't see past our galaxy, how do we know other galaxies exist?
 
sckid20 said:
Nasa has found another earth like world.
http://www.theverge.com/2015/7/23/9023575/nasa-kepler-planet-discovery-habitable-earth-452b
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i was just thinking about this.

i feel like JUST SAY FOR ARGUMENTS sake...

this planet has life. like its literally earth 2.0, with countries, humans, animals, technology, all that.

i dunno why but i feel like the shock factor wouldnt last that long.

i think itd be like "HOLY ****" for a months tops and then wed all move along like there was always another earth out there.

my point is that its like weve be all pre programmed our whole lives that "its impossible" for like to exist out there and that finding something wild like anearth 2.0 would cause our world to explode...but i feel like that wouldnt be the case for some reason. thatd wed all get over the hype sooner rather than later.

what do you guys think?
 
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i can't even fathom what would be the equivalent Earth's surface for Jupiter since there is no land...like if something ever mad it through those clouds of gas, is it just a floating core ?  
 
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amarano said:
i was just thinking about this.

i feel like JUST SAY FOR ARGUMENTS sake...

this planet has life. like its literally earth 2.0, with countries, humans, animals, technology, all that.

i dunno why but i feel like the shock factor wouldnt last that long.

i think itd be like "HOLY ****" for a months tops and then wed all move along like there was always another earth out there.

my point is that its like weve be all pre programmed our whole lives that "its impossible" for like to exist out there and that finding something wild like anearth 2.0 would cause our world to explode...but i feel like that wouldnt be the case for some reason. thatd wed all get over the hype sooner rather than later.

what do you guys think?
Click to expand...

if we found another planet with things like us i dunno wtf i would do lol.
first i would be like please let them be peaceful then
probably like a year of holy ****
then like lets see how we interact

but i feel like politics would F everything up.

i think contact will happen within our lifetime

stephen hawking got 100 million from a russian billionaire to speed up the process of finding other life out there.


http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/...ng-announces-100-million-hunt-for-alien-life/
 
LiCeNseD To BaLL said:
The more you learn about how big this universe it is, the more angry you get and letting yourself get so stressed over meaningless crap.

We're a tiny tiny tiny little speck in a massive Galaxy. It's scary, but it's also inspiring.

Get out there and live it up man. Life's too short.
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This is very true and it's something I struggle with at times. Gotta just let go and live well.
 
Been listening to audio-books by Richard Feynman while on the train. The delight that Feynman gets from doing physics is absolutely contagious.
 
Water ice found on the surface of comet 67P
[h5]January 14, 2016 by Deborah Netburn, Los Angeles Times[/h5]


For the first time, scientists have spotted large patches of water ice on the surface of a comet, thanks to instruments aboard the European Space Agency's Rosetta orbiter.

The finding, published Wednesday in Nature, solves a long-standing mystery about water ice  in comets. Scientists already knew that the coma - the expansive cloud of gas surrounding the comet's nucleus - is dominated by water molecules. They also knew that water ice is one of the main components of the nucleus. But until now, traces of water ice on the surface  of the comet had been difficult to detect.

"First, not finding ice was a surprise; now, finding it is a surprise," said Murthy Gudipati a planetary scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in La Canada Flintridge, Calif., and an author on the paper. "It is exciting because now we are starting to understand the upper dynamic layers of the comet and how they evolved."

The surface of comet 67P, like most comets, is primarily covered by dark organic materials that appear almost black. That's because as comets fly toward the sun, they are exposed to warm temperatures that cause volatiles like water ice on their surface to sublimate - or go directly from solid to gas. 

What remains on the crust are what are known as refractory materials. These include silicates similar to rocks, sand and dirt on Earth and carbonaceous materials. Because these materials do not sublimate, the comet's surface becomes increasingly organic and silicate rich over time, said Michael Combi, who studies comets at the University of Michigan and co-authored the paper.

The surface water ice on comet 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko was discovered in two places several tens of feet across in a region known as Imhotep, on the bottom part of the main lobe of the comet. It was found using the VIRTIS infrared instrument, which scanned the area looking for water ice spectra signals not long after the Rosetta orbiter caught up with 67P in the fall of 2014.

In both cases the ice appeared on cliff walls and debris falls, and appeared as noticeably bright patches in visible light.

"It looked like there was a breakage, or something fell down on the surface of the comet, and a large, new inside area that had water ice was exposed," Gudipati said. "Although we knew water ice had to be in the nucleus, this was our first direct detection of that interior ice."

Further analysis of the VIRTIS data revealed the water ice grains in the newly exposed areas came in two different sizes. 

The small grains that are in the micrometer range are likely associated with a thin layer of frost that forms as a function of the comet's rotation. As this region of the comet turns away from the sun, water ice condenses out of the coma and onto the nucleus, the authors wrote. During the "day" the water goes back into the coma.

The larger ice grains, which are a few millimeters across, probably have a more complex origin story, the authors said. One possibility is that water ice in the shallow subsurface of the comet might vaporize as the comet flies closer to the sun, and then move downward into the cooler lower surface lawyers where it condenses again in the voids.

"Keep in mind that comets are very porous, like cotton candy," Gudipati said. "Seventy percent of this comet is a void, and because of that, the heat from the surface does not go that deep." 

It should be noted that water ice made up just a small percentage of the material scanned by VIRTIS, suggesting that it is mixed in with the refractory materials in the upper layers of the comet.

The research team, lead by Gianrico Filacchione of the Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology in Rome, is now analyzing data captured by the same instrument later in the mission to see how the amount of ice exposed on the surface changed as the comet zoomed closer to the sun. 

In the meantime, Gudipati said the new findings have already given comet scientists a lot to work with.

"We knew water ice made up the majority of the comet, but we didn't know how deep or in what condition it was," he said. "This shows that it not very deep at all - perhaps just a few feet beneath the surface."

Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2016-01-ice-surface-comet-67p.html#jCp
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[h1]This suspected supernova is 570 billion times as bright as our sun[/h1]
By Rachel Feltman  January 14 at 2:00 PM  

http://
imrs.php

An artist's impression of the record-breakingly powerful, superluminous supernova ASASSN-15lh as it would appear from an exoplanet located about 10,000 light years away. (Beijing Planetarium / Jin Ma)

A  small, bright object that first flared up in June could be the brightest, most powerful supernova ever spotted by astronomers. If it is indeed a supernova, the object ASASSN-15lh pushes the upper limits of what scientists thought exploding stars were capable of. And if it's not a supercharged supernova, it may be something even more mysterious.

The brilliant cosmic explosion – 200 times as powerful as the average supernova, 570 billion times as bright as our sun, and 20 times as bright as all the stars in our Milky Way galaxy combined even though it only spans 10 miles across – is described in a study published Thursday in Science. It was spotted 3.8 billion light-years away using the All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN), an international collaboration headquartered at Ohio State University that uses telescopes around the world to keep an eye on the entire visible night sky.

A supernova that bright must have a massive star exploding at its center. The researchers who have studied the blast believe it might be fueled by the death of a magnetar, which is a neutron star with an extremely powerful magnetic field that could theoretically magnify the power of an explosion. But ASASSN-15lh's brightness pushes the upper physical limits of that theory, coming dangerously close to upending it entirely.

http://
imrs.php

Pseudo-color images showing the host galaxy before the explosion of ASASSN-15lh taken by the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) (Left), and the supernova by the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGT) 1-meter telescope network (Right). (The Dark Energy Survey, B. Shappee and the ASAS-SN team)

In fact, during the first four months since the supernova's discovery it's released as much radiation energy as our sun would release in 90 billion years of shining. "It proves very challenging for one of the most popular models for the engine of superluminous supernova – the magnetar model – to explain," lead study author Subo Dong, an astronomer at the Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at Peking University, told The Post.

In addition to being unusually bright, the supernova comes from a neighborhood off the beaten path: Most superluminous supernovae  come from galaxies smaller and dimmer than the Milky Way with high rates of star production. But ASASSN-15lh seems to sit in a galaxy more luminous and massive than our own.

Paolo Mazzali, a researcher at the Liverpool John Moores University Astrophysics Research Institute who wasn't involved in the study, agreed that the object, while strange, is most likely a supernova. "Clearly, this must be a very rare event, but I do think it's a supernova," he told The Post. "It would be a challenge to get a magnetar to that level of brightness," he said – the star would have to spin 1,000 times a second and convert that energy into light with almost perfect efficiency, according to the authors of the new study – "but it's not impossible."

Because ASASSN-15lh is so unusual, astronomers will have to continue to study it in the hopes of pinning down its identity for certain. It could turn out to be a totally new phenomenon. Vital clues will emerge as the explosion fades out.

"How ASASSN-15lh fades will reveal much more about this event and many groups of astronomers are intensely observing this object," study author and Ohio State alumnus Ben Shappee, now at the Carnegie Observatories, told The Post just after finishing a round of observations using the Magellan telescope  in Chile. "There are many ground-based and space-based observatories following the evolution of ASASSN-15lh at many wavelengths, all the way from the radio through the X-rays."

As the light from ASASSN-15lh fades, Shappee explained, scientists will have a better chance of seeing the object at its core. They'll also be able to figure out where it's positioned within its host galaxy. If it's in the galaxy's center, it might not be a supernova at all, but rather the result of some kind of unusual black-hole activity.

"Supernovae shape the universe we live in and there are still many unanswered questions about these explosions, even for the common ones," Shappee said. "Most of the elements in the world around us that are not hydrogen or helium were either created in supernovae explosions or distributed by them. Supernovae also fundamentally change how galaxies evolve when they explode by ejecting energy and momentum into their surroundings."

So the study of supernovae – especially one pushing at what the laws of physics will allow – can help scientists understand why the universe looks like it does today.

"The good news is that ASASSN-15lh is bright, so it is relatively easy to get high-quality observations," Dong said. "Not only us, but many other groups of astronomers are using some of the most advanced telescopes, ground and space-based, to study ASASSN-15lh. I am sure that in the near future, we will understand much more about it."

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news...a-is-570-billion-times-brighter-than-our-sun/
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[h1]Scientists Find Hints Of A Giant, Hidden Planet In Our Solar System[/h1]

Updated January 20, 20167:03 PM ETPublished January 20, 201610:26 AM ET

[h3]Planet Nine Wields Huge Influence[/h3]
The six most distant known objects in the solar system with orbits exclusively beyond Neptune (magenta) all mysteriously line up in a single direction. Moreover, when viewed in 3-D, the orbits of all these icy little objects are tilted in the same direction, away from the plane of the solar system. "The only way to get these objects to line up in one direction, says Caltech astronomer Mike Brown, "is to have a massive planet lined up in the other direction." Many scientists are now searching the skies with powerful telescopes, hoping for a faint glimpse of "Planet Nine."

Planet-nine.jpg


The astronomer whose work helped kick Pluto out of the pantheon of planets says he has good reason to believe there's an undiscovered planet bigger than Earth lurking in the distant reaches of our solar system.

That's quite a claim, because Mike Brown  of Caltech is no stranger to this part of our cosmic neighborhood. After all, he discovered Eris, an icy world more massive than Pluto that proved our old friend wasn't special enough to be considered a full-fledged planet. He also introduced the world to Sedna, a first-of-its-kind dwarf planet that's so far out there, its region of space was long thought to be an empty no man's land.

Now Brown has teamed up with Caltech colleague Konstantin Batygin  to do a new analysis of oddities in the orbits of small, icy bodies out beyond Neptune. In their report published Wednesday  in The Astronomical Journal, the researchers say it looks like the orbits are all being affected by the presence of an unseen planet that's about 10 times more massive than Earth — the size astronomers refer to as a super-Earth.

"I'm willing to take bets on anyone who's not a believer," says Brown. He thinks existing telescopes have a shot at spotting this mystery planet in just a few years, since this new study points to a band of sky where astronomers should look.

The first suggestion that something big might be affecting the orbits of distant, icy bodies came in 2014. An international team of astronomers announced  that they'd discovered a new dwarf planet, nicknamed Biden, that stays even farther out than Sedna. They also noted a strange clustering in the orbits of these objects, and in the orbits of about a dozen others. Perhaps, they hypothesized, the gravity of some unseen planet was acting as a shepherd.

"They were pointing out that there was something funny going on in the outer solar system, but nobody could really understand what it was," says Brown. "Ever since they pointed it out we've been scratching our heads."

The idea of a huge, hidden planet seemed kind of crazy. "No one really took it very seriously," says Brown. "It was ignored more than you might guess."

But he walked a few doors down to meet with Batygin and suggested they take this on. As they studied the freaky way that these objects lined up in space, Brown says, they realized that "the only way to get these objects to line up in one direction is to have a massive planet lined up in the other direction."

What's more, this planet naturally explains why the dwarf planets Sedna and Biden have weird orbits that never let them come in close to the solar system. "This wasn't something we were setting out to explain," says Brown. "This is something that just popped out of the theory."

But there was one moment that turned Brown into a believer. Their computer simulations predicted that if this hypothetical planet existed, it would twist the orbits of other small bodies in a certain way. So Brown looked through some old data to see if any icy bodies had been discovered with those kinds of orbits — and, lo and behold, he found five of them.

"They're objects that nobody has really explained or tried to explain before," says Brown. "My jaw hit the floor. That just came out of the blue. Being able to make a prediction and having it come true in five minutes is about as fun as it gets in science."

Their work suggests how big the planet must be, and more or less where it could be found. Brown has already started looking. He hopes other scientists will too.

"I want to know what it's like. I want to see that it's really there," says Brown. "It will hurt when somebody finds it and it's not me — but I assume it's going to happen, and I'm willing to feel that pain."

It may be hard to believe that something so big would not have been seen before now. But Scott Sheppard  of the Carnegie Institution for Science explains that for us to see it, sunlight has to travel all the way out there, bounce off the object, then travel all the way back.

"Objects get very faint very fast," says Sheppard. "If you do the math, if you move something twice as far away from the sun, it gets 16 times fainter."

Sheppard is one of the researchers who, after discovering Biden and the strange orbits, suggested a large planet might be the culprit.

"What we published was a very basic analysis of this clustering of objects in the outer solar system," he says. "We just did some basic stuff."

The new analysis, he says, has gone much deeper and has more rigor. "It leaves me thinking that the possibility of there being this super-Earth or mini-Neptune out there is more and more real now," says Sheppard.

Still, he's not completely convinced. "We really need to find more of these objects — more of these small objects that can lead us to the bigger object," Sheppard says. "I think it's still a tossup if it's really out there or not. I think we just need more data. Hopefully within the next few years we'll really be able to nail this down."

Dwarf planets like Sedna and Biden are not exactly household names. But Sheppard says if the solar system indeed has an honest-to-goodness ninth planet — a distant, giant planet that's bigger than Earth — "that, I think, is something that would blow the mind of anyone here on Earth."
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-...f-a-hidden-distant-planet-in-our-solar-system
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It's ridiculous how much is out there, but I can only imagine what they've found and have yet to share.

"Dwarf planets like Sedna and Biden are not exactly household names. But Sheppard says if the solar system indeed has an honest-to-goodness ninth planet — a distant, giant planet that's bigger than Earth — "that, I think, is something that would blow the mind of anyone here on Earth." :D

Thanks for sharing.
 
amarano said:
 
sckid20 said:
Nasa has found another earth like world.
http://www.theverge.com/2015/7/23/9023575/nasa-kepler-planet-discovery-habitable-earth-452b
Click to expand...
i was just thinking about this.

i feel like JUST SAY FOR ARGUMENTS sake...

this planet has life. like its literally earth 2.0, with countries, humans, animals, technology, all that.

i dunno why but i feel like the shock factor wouldnt last that long.

i think itd be like "HOLY ****" for a months tops and then wed all move along like there was always another earth out there.

my point is that its like weve be all pre programmed our whole lives that "its impossible" for like to exist out there and that finding something wild like anearth 2.0 would cause our world to explode...but i feel like that wouldnt be the case for some reason. thatd wed all get over the hype sooner rather than later.

what do you guys think?
Click to expand...
Tbh I could see this happening 

nerd.gif
 I just want to see aliens in my lifetime, even if its just evidence of small animals on another planet 

I don't think it will happen though 
 
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