If you've ever read an argument about the Hall of Fame, you know that numbers almost always play a major role, whether it's the latest newfangled concoction or a statistic that was invented when the game was in its infancy. Despite advances in baseball analysis over the past 40 years, Hall of Fame debates still heavily involve hits, homers and wins, but as league offense and the ways players are used change, the various milestones in those categories also must inevitably change.
With run scoring off 1990s/2000s levels for the third straight year, it's time for them to change again. So forget 500 homers, 3,000 hits and 300 wins; let's take a look at what the new Hall of Fame thresholds should be for those three catergories and project which current players will reach them.
Hits
[+] Enlarge
Jim McIsaac/Getty Images
Jeter cruised past 3,000 hits but also peaked during a hitter-friendly era.
What's generally forgotten about the decline in offense is that the changes in batting average have been greater than the decline in home runs. Baseball has hit .256 over the previous three years, 15 points fewer than the .270 mark baseball hit several times in the mid-'90s.
There are 20 active players with a .300 career batting average (minimum 3,000 plate appearances), but if you translate their pre-2010 numbers to 2010 to 2012 offense, you lose 14 of the 20. Over an entire career for a young player like Bryce Harper or Mike Trout, that's enough to knock off 100-150 hits. It's hard enough to clear 3,000 as it is, and you lose one-third of the 3,000-hit club (nine of 2
if you eliminate a 150-hit cushion.
Of midcareer players, the decline in league batting average is enough to reduce the estimated odds of Jose Reyes' getting 3,000 hits from 40 percent to 25. For Jimmy Rollins, from 22 percent to 8 percent. For David Wright, from 20 percent to 12 percent. For the younger set, the climb to 3,000 or .300 will be even more difficult if they play their entire careers in which a league-average batting average is in the .250s. Thanks to being a full-timer at age 20 and a skill set very conducive to racking up hit totals, Starlin Castro is best positioned to make a run at 3,000 hits, as he's 20th all time in hits through age 22 season. Still, ZiPS projects he'll do it as a sub-.300 hitter (.289).
The new hits standard should be: 2,800
Best bets under 30 years old to reach it (percent chance): Miguel Cabrera (76), Jose Reyes (57), Ryan Braun (47), Adam Jones (45), Starlin Castro (45), Nick Markakis (37), Mike Trout (34), Freddie Freeman (30), Billy Butler (29).
Wins
[+] Enlarge
Jonathan Daniel/Getty Images
Verlander might be the best pitcher of his era, but reaching 300 wins is unlikely.
While the change in offense levels don't directly impact win totals significantly, the historical changes in pitcher usage that have resulted in starting pitchers receiving fewer decisions have continued.
It's still likely that someone will win 300 games, but no one likely right now, with the highest mean projections for wins for active pitchers by ZiPS being CC Sabathia (274), Roy Halladay (261), Justin Verlander (25
, Tim Hudson (241) and Mark Buehrle (239). The prevalence of the 300-game winner was always overrated -- there were only 11 300-game winners between the end of the dead ball era and the recent ones who debuted in the 1980s.
Instead of adjusting downward, the voters have been even stingier at admitting starting pitchers, with Bert Blyleven (1970 debut) the only pitcher used mainly a starter to be inducted since Nolan Ryan in 1999. A recent troubling example of this parsimony of the BBWAA is that Kevin Brown, with an innings total and ERA+ just a hair below Carl Hubbell's, not only didn't get elected but didn't even tally enough votes to make a second ballot.
In today's game, 250 wins should be the new 300, with pitchers with terrific ERAs and 200-250 wins no longer generally getting the quick boot by voters.
The new wins standard should be: 250
Best bets under 30 years old to reach it (percent chance): Justin Verlander (5
, Felix Hernandez (44), Clayton Kershaw (40), Madison Bumgarner (35), Cole Hamels (32), David Price (31), Trevor Cahill (30), Matt Cain (27).
Home runs
[+] Enlarge
Marc Serota/Getty Images
Stanton might be the only active player with a legit chance at 500 homers.
Because the best home run hitters today are generally hitting fewer than they were 15 years ago, the best young players are going to have a harder climb to hit 400, 500 or 600 home runs. For batters in the middle of their careers, the drop-off has been significant enough to still put a dent in their final totals.
Asking the ZiPS projection system to project the final career totals of active major leaguers, only five players among the under-30 set are estimated to have a 50 percent or greater shot at 400 homers: Giancarlo Stanton, Prince Fielder, Ryan Braun, Matt Kemp and Bryce Harper. A 10-15 percent drop in home run rate from the 1990s might not sound like an alarming decline, but that's enough for a 450-homer slugger to lose 40-75 home runs, assuming league offense remains depressed.
While the drop in offense is hardly a secret, it remains an open question just how much voters will take these changes into account. Baseball had another down period for offense 25 years ago, with 1988-1993 representing a forgotten pitchers era. A disproportionate number of hitters who had large chunks of their peaks during that time frame have received shockingly low Hall of Fame support, most notably Lou Whitaker, Alan Trammell, Will Clark and Fred McGriff.
For the more borderline cases that writers are likely to see 10 to 15 years from now, some of the borderlines are likely to be more so. Adam Dunn probably needed to hit 600 homers to get serious consideration, and at the average level of offense from 1994 to 2009, ZiPS estimated that he'd make a serious fight. Now, he's likely to fall short of 550. David Ortiz was already 34 years old before the league homer rate dropped, but the changes in offense were still enough to drop his projected career total from 530 to 493. While it sounds easy enough to hang around to get seven homers, ask McGriff, who finished with 493, how hard those last few homers can be.
The new home run standard should be: 450
Best bets under 30 years old to reach it (percent chance): Miguel Cabrera (79), Giancarlo Stanton (6
, Prince Fielder (57), Ryan Braun (54), Bryce Harper (4
, Mike Trout (41), Matt Kemp (37), Jason Heyward (32), Freddie Freeman (29)
The current Hall of Fame voting patterns may make a hard climb for today's players to get into the Hall even steeper, assuming no reforms. If you go through baseball history on a year-to-year basis and tally the percentage of plate appearances made by future Hall of Famers, that number frequently exceeded 20 percent from the 1930s to 1950s. Extend that today, and that would be 36,000 plate appearances in 2012 made by future Hall of Famers. Under today's ballots, that's not very likely.
Changing standards means that statistical thresholds we use to evaluate careers will also have to change, or we'll end up leaving worthy players without a hint of steroids suspicions out of the Hall. One of baseball's greatest strengths is its history, and if we leave future generations with less of it, our favorite sport will suffer the consequences.